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铣削刀片磨损原因及解决方案
磨损类型
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后刀面磨损后刀面磨损
原因- 切削速度高
- 硬质合金牌号不耐磨
解决方案- 降低切削速度
- 采用更耐磨的刀具牌号
- 选取更耐磨的牌号
- 对容易产生加工硬化的工件材料,需采用更小的切入角
- 加工耐热合金材料时,降低切削速度
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月牙洼磨损月牙洼磨损
原因- 刀片切削区域切削温度过高,压力过大
解决方案- 降低切削速度
- 降低进给
- 采用前角更大的刀具
- 选取硬度更高的刀具牌号
- 选取更耐磨的刀具牌号
- 选取前角更大的刀片
- 降低切削速度 或 降低进给率以使得切削温度更低
- 采用更高的冷却液流量及冷却液压力,可考虑高压冷却
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塑性变形塑性变形
原因- 切削温度过高
解决方案- 降低切削速度
- 选取硬度更高的刀具牌号
- 大幅提高冷却液供应
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沟槽磨损沟槽磨损
原因- 切削速度太高,或刀片牌号耐磨性不能胜任
解决方案- 采用更耐磨的刀具牌号
- 降低切削速度
- 调整切削深度
- 采用更强固形状的刀片
- 对容易产生加工硬化的工件材料,需采用更小的切入角
- 加工耐热合金材料时,降低切削速度
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热裂热裂
原因- 切削区域表面温度变化太大,断续切削,或冷却液供应产生变化
解决方案- 降低切削速度
- 选取韧性更佳的刀具牌号
- 大幅提高冷却液供应或关闭冷却液
- 只要可能,尽量避免使用冷却液
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切削刃破损切削刃破损
原因- 更换刀片切削刃前,刀片过度磨损
- 对于该应用而言,刀片牌号及几何形状都太弱了
- 刀片载荷过大
- 刀片已形成了积屑瘤
解决方案- 采用带大刀尖圆角半径的刀片,最好是单面刀片
- 采用防振降噪铣刀
- 选取韧性更佳的刀具牌号
- 降低进给
- 采用防振刀体
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积屑瘤积屑瘤
原因- 切削区域温度过低
- 负型刀片
- 加工材料粘性高,如低碳钢,不锈钢及铝
解决方案- 提高切削速度
- 采用具有更大正前角及锋利切削刃的铣刀
- 大幅提高冷却液供应
- 采用进行了涂层后处理牌号的刀片
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切削刃崩刃切削刃崩刃
原因- 因刀片切削刃易碎或刀片上已形成积屑瘤而引起
解决方案- 采用韧性更高牌号制成的刀片
- 采用具有强固切削刃的刀片
- 提高切削速度
- 使用具有防振降噪性能的铣刀
- 采用防振刀体
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Flank WearFlank Wear
原因- High cutting speed
- Low wear resistance carbide grade
解决方案- Reduce cutting speed
- Use a more wear- resistant cutting tool material grade
- Select a more wear resistant grade
- For work-hardening materials, select a smaller entry angle
- Reduce the cutting speed when machining heat resistant materials
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Crater WearCrater Wear
原因- Excessive cutting temperatures and pressures on the top of the insert
解决方案- Reduce cutting speed
- Reduce feed
- Use a tool with more positive geometry
- Use a harder material grade
- Select a more wear resistant grade
- Select a more positive insert geometry
- Reduce the cutting speed or reduce the feed rate to lower the temperature
- Use higher coolant flow and pressure, consider High pressure coolant
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Plastic DeformationPlastic Deformation
原因- Cutting temperature is too high
解决方案- Reduce cutting speed
- Use a harder material grade
- Reduce the feed rate
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Thermal CrackingThermal Cracking
原因- Excessive variations in surface temperature, intermittent machining, or variations in coolant supply
解决方案- Reduce cutting speed
- Use tougher cutting tool material grade with higher thermal resistance
- Significantly increase coolant supply or turn it off
- Select a tougher insert grade
- Eliminate the use of coolant whenever possible
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Edge FractureEdge Fracture
原因- Caused by excessive insert wear before indexing the insert
- The grade and geometry could be too weak for the applications
- Excessive load on the insert
- Built-up edge has been formed on the insert
解决方案- Reduce cutting speed
- Use endmills of chatter-free geometry
- Use a tougher cutting tool material grade
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Built-up EdgeBuilt-up Edge
原因- Cutting zone temperature is too low
- Negative cutting geometry
- Machining of very sticky materials such as low-carbon steel, stainless steels, and aluminum
解决方案- Increase cutting speed
- Significantly increase coolant supply
- Use inserts, produced from a tool material grade with a post coating treatment
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